PhysicsLAB: MCAS 2008 Session 1

PhysicsLAB

MCAS Physics Exams
MCAS 2008 Session 1

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Radio waves, visible light, and x-rays are examples of electromagnetic waves that always differ from each other in

A. amplitude.B. intensity.C. temperature.D. wavelength.

Two oppositely charged objects are separated by a small distance. The objects are then moved three times farther apart from each other. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the electrical force between the objects?

A. The force of attraction increases.
B. The force of attraction decreases.
C. The force of attraction becomes zero.
D. The force of attraction stays the same.

A sound wave can be transmitted through all of the following except

A. a gas.B. a liquid.C. a solid.D. a vacuum.

Three different boxes are lifted to different heights.

>Box X weighs 115 N and is lifted to 15 m.
Box Y weighs 210 N and is lifted to 10 m.
>Box Z weighs 305 N and is lifted to 5 m.

A. Box X had the greatest change in mechanical energy.
B. Box Z had the smallest change in mechanical energy.
C. Boxes X and Y had the same change in mechanical energy.
D. Boxes Y and Z had the same change in mechanical energy.

Which of the following statements applies to a longitudinal wave?

A. The motion of the medium is random.
B. The motion of the medium is in a circular pattern.
C. The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave.
D. The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave.

An ammeter measures the current in the circuit shown below.

When the piece of wire labeled X is replaced by a second identical R, which of the following happens to the current?

A. It increases.B. It decreases.C. It goes to zero.D. It remains unchanged.

A magnetic compass is placed near an insulated copper wire. When the wire is connected to a battery, the compass needle changes position. Which of the following is the best explanation for the movement of the needle?

A. The copper wire magnetizes the needle to create a force.
B. The needle magnetizes the copper wire to create a force.
C. The current in the wire produces a magnetic field and exerts a force on the needle.
D. The insulation on the wire becomes energized and exerts a force on the needle.

Mike, who has a mass of 75 kg, is running north at 2.6 m/s. He accidentally collides with Tom, who has a mass of 125 kg and is not moving. Which of the following statements describes how much momentum each person has before the collision?

A. Mike has a momentum of 130 kg • m/s north, and Tom has no momentum.
B. Mike has a momentum of 195 kg • m/s north, and Tom has no momentum.
C. Both Mike and Tom have a momentum of 130 kg • m/s north.
D. Both Mike and Tom have a momentum of 195 kg • m/s north.

X-ray waves and infrared waves are both electromagnetic waves. Which of the following describes another property x-ray waves and infrared waves share?

A. Both waves are longitudinal.
B. Both waves have the same frequency.
C. Both waves have the same wavelength.
D. Both waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.

A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kgK.

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?

A. 6.2 x 10⁸ JB. 6.3 x 10⁸ JC. 7.7 x 10⁸ JD. 7.9 x 10⁸ J

The illustration below shows an athlete participating in an Olympic hammer throw event.

The athlete twirls the hammer (a heavy steel ball attached to a wire) around several times before releasing it. The diagram below shows the path of the ball as it is spun in a circle before its release.

>Which arrow shows the direction of the centripetal force on the ball before the ball is released?

A. PB. QC. RD. S

Suppose a scientist detects an electromagnetic wave with a frequency higher than those of gamma rays. The scientist labels this wave a Z-ray. Which of the following would always be true of a Z-ray?

A. A Z-ray would have a lesser amplitude than gamma rays.
B. A Z-ray would have a greater amplitude than gamma rays.
C. A Z-ray would have a shorter wavelength than gamma rays.
D. A Z-ray would have a longer wavelength than gamma rays.

The power of a toaster can be determined if which of the following values are known?

A. the dimensions of the toaster
B. the resistance of the toaster’s insulation
C. the voltage applied to the toaster and the toaster’s temperature
D. the current through the circuit and the voltage applied to the toaster

In the diagram below, the circuit has one battery and two identical light bulbs.

If one light bulb is removed, which of the following could replace it so that the remaining light bulb is dimmer?

A cart with a mass of 5 kg rests on a floor next to a wall, as shown in the diagram below.

A person pushes on the cart to the left toward the wall with a force of 100 N. Which of the following statements is true in this situation?

A. The wall does not push on the cart.
B. The floor pushes 100 N up on the cart.
C. The cart pushes 100 N down on the floor.
D. The wall pushes 100 N to the right on the cart.

How much power is required to carry a 35 N package a vertical distance of 18 m if the work on the package is accomplished in 30 s?

A. 16 WB. 21 WC. 58 WD. 630 W

The graph below illustrates the position and time for a dog that runs to catch a stick and then returns with it.

The dog caught the stick after 2 s. What was the dog’s average speed as he returned with the stick?

A. His average return speed was 0.7 m/s.
B. His average return speed was 0.9 m/s.
C. His average return speed was 2 m/s.
D. His average return speed was 4 m/s.

A heavy box is at rest on an inclined plane. The box begins to slide down the inclined plane when a small force is applied to the box. The force is removed as soon as the box begins to slide. The speed of the box increases as the box slides down the inclined plane. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this increasing speed?

A. The force of gravity on the box is less when the box is not moving than when the box is moving.
B. The force of gravity on the box is greater when the box is not moving than when the box is moving.
C. The force of friction on the box is less when the box is not moving than when the box is moving.
D. The force of friction on the box is greater when the box is not moving than when the box is moving.

A 1500 kg car has an applied forward force of 5000 N and experiences an air resistance of 1250 N.

What is the car’s acceleration?

A. 2.5 m/s²B. 3.3 m/s²C. 4.2 m/s²D. 9.8 m/s²

Measurements inside a sealed container show that the pressure exerted by a gas increases as the thermal energy of the gas increases. Which of the following best explains this pressure increase?

A. The gas molecules stick to the walls of the container.
B. The gas molecules radiate energy in the form of nuclear particles.
C. The gas molecules begin to bond together into heavier molecules.
D. The gas molecules move faster and strike the container walls more frequently.

On the surface of the Moon, a ball is thrown straight up with an initial velocity. The ball has a constant acceleration due to the Moon’s gravity. On a graph of the ball’s velocity versus time, which of the following would represent the ball at its highest point above the Moon’s surface?

A. when the velocity is equal to 0 m/s
B. when the velocity is equal to 1.6 m/s
C. when the velocity has its greatest value
D. when the velocity has its most negative value

Open-Response Questions

BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.
If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.

Refer to the following information for the next three questions.

In the diagram below, the falling water turns the waterwheel. The turning waterwheel generates electricity.

The water moves slowly at point A and then falls rapidly past point B.

a. Describe the changes in kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the water as it travels from point A to point B.

b. Explain why not all of the energy of the moving water available at point A is captured by the waterwheel to generate electricity.

c. Describe two ways the system can be changed so that more energy from the falling water is converted into electrical energy.

Refer to the following information for the next four questions.

In an experiment, liquid 1 is at room temperature (21ºC) and liquid 2 has been heated until it is warmer than room temperature. A student takes equal amounts of liquid 1 and liquid 2 and mixes them together in a beaker.

a. Compare the initial temperatures of liquid 1 and liquid 2 with the temperature of the mixture in the beaker at each of the following times:

- 5 minutes after mixing

- 2 hours after mixing

b. Describe the transfer of heat energy between the two liquids in the beaker.

c. Identify one other possible heat energy transfer in this experiment.

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