AP Equations
Thermal
Published formulas
Published values with additional units
A
area
m
2
e
efficiency
F
force
N
kg m/sec
2
h
depth
m
K
avg
average molecular KE
V/m
nt/C
length
m
M
molar mass
kg/mole
n
number of moles
mol
P
pressure
N/m
2
Q
heat transferred
to
a system
J
T
temperature
C or K
U
internal energy
J
kg m
2
/sec
2
v
rms
root-mean-square velocity
m/sec
v
velocity or speed
m/sec
V
volume
m
3
W
work done
on
the system
J
α
coefficient of linear expansion
1/°C
m
mass of molecule
kg/molecule
density
kg/m
3
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